How Fertilizers & Coal Create India’s Winter Smog

Secondary pollutants created through atmospheric chemical reactions account for up to 55 percent of fine particulate air pollution in India. According to environmental researchers, agricultural ammonia from fertilizers combines with sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from coal plants and vehicles to form toxic particles. This chemical process is especially severe across the Indo-Gangetic Plain during winter, when cold weather and compressed atmospheric boundaries trap gases near the ground.



